Regulations surrounding waste management and prevention are increasingly being enforced Greater commercial penalties for non-compliance or economic incentives for compliance is encouraging more and more companies to convert waste to value Only if regulations become mandatory and carry commercial penalties, will the industry experience this shift towards waste valorisation - The EU Directive on the landfill of waste had little impact on the disposal practises adopted by major alumina plants in Europe - Around 21% of BR is discharged into the ocean, and 29% is disposed by lagooning, in Western Europe ^[https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9477/htm]